List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Australia

This is a list of lighthouses and lightvessels in Australia.

Australia has a coastline of 25,760 kilometres (16,010 mi),[1] with over 350 lighthouses and navigational aids around the Australian coastline,[2] and a single inland lighthouse, the Point Malcolm lighthouse.[3]

The first lighthouse was Macquarie Lighthouse, which was lit in 1793 as a tripod mounted wood and coal fired beacon.[2][4] The last manned lighthouse was Maatsuyker Island Lighthouse, off the south coast of Tasmania, which was automated in 1996.[2]

Contents

Listing

The lighthouses and lightvessels of Australia are listed in the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency List of Lights publication 111.[5] They are listed by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office on volume K of the Admiralty List of Lights & Fog Signals.[6] The ARLHS World List of Lights lists them with the prefix "AUS".[7]

On The Lighthouse Directory, the lighthouses of Australia are listed according to their location:

Another listing is held by Lighthouses of Australia Inc., which lists lighthouses by state[17]

Another list exists at Australian Lighthouses, a website which includes a both an A-Z list[25] and a list by state.[26]

A list also exists at SeaSide Lights, which lists lighthouses by state:[27]

In order to be listed below, an active lighthouse has to appear at least in one of The Lighthouse Directory, Lighthouses of Australia Inc. or SeaSide Lights. Other lists mentioned above include many lights which are hard to describe as "lighthouses".[35] Historical lighthouses were sometimes included when they are mentioned in other reliable sources.

Management

Most of the lighthouses and lightvessels in Australia are managed by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), though the AMSA usually only manages the lighting equipment, with local authorities managing the lighthouses and parklands. In New South Wales the lighthouses and parklands are mostly managed by the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water or the New South Wales Department of Lands.[9] In the Northern Territory some of the lighthouses are managed by the Darwin Port Corporation.[10] In South Australia some of the stations are managed by the Department for Environment and Heritage.[13] On Tasmania, many lighthouses are managed by the Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service.[14] In Victoria, harbor aids are maintained by the Port of Melbourne Corporation in the Melbourne area and by the Victorian Regional Channels Authority elsewhere,[36] while parklands are mostly managed by Parks Victoria.[15] In Western Australia some of the stations are managed by the Department of Environment and Conservation.

Lighthouses by State

Jervis Bay Territory

Location Name Image Coordinates Established Automated Deactivated Remarks
Jervis Bay Village Cape St George Lighthouse 1860 1889 Destroyed[37]

New South Wales

There are several lighthouse siblings in the vicinity - lighthouses where were designed by the same architect around the same time, which are very similar by design. These include:

Location Name Image Coordinates Established Automated Deactivated Remarks
Balgowlah Heights Grotto Point Light 1911 active
Ballina Richmond River Light 1866 1920 active
Bradleys Head Bradleys Head Light 1905 active
Burrewarra Point Burrewarra Point Light 1974 1974 active Solar powered[38]
Cape Byron Cape Byron Light 1901 active
Cremorne Point Robertson Point Light 1910 active
Crowdy Head Crowdy Head Light 1878 1928 active
Culburra Beach Crookhaven Heads Light 1882 active Solar Powered[39]
Fingal Head Fingal Head Light 1872 1920 active
Fort Denison Fort Denison Light 1913 active
Green Cape Green Cape Lighthouse 1883 1983 1997 replaced with solar powered light tower [40]
Kiama Kiama Light 1887 1920 active
Kurnell Cape Bailey Light 1950 active
Montague Island Montague Island Light 1881 1986 active Solar powered[41]
Nelson Bay Nelson Head Light 1872 1984 2003
Newcastle Nobbys Head Light 1854 1935 active
Norah Head Norah Head Light 1903 1995 active
Palm Beach Barrenjoey Lighthouse 1855 1932 active
Mosman Parriwi Head Light 1911 active
Point Perpendicular Point Perpendicular Light 1899 1993 replaced with solar powered light tower [42]
Point Stephens Point Stephens Light 1862 1989 active Solar powered[43]
Shark Island Shark Island Light 1913 active
Smoky Cape Smoky Cape Lighthouse 1891 1988 active
Solitary Islands North Solitary Island Light 1975 active Fibreglass structure; Solar powered[44]
Solitary Islands South Solitary Island Light 1880 1975 active Solar powered[45]
Seal Rocks Sugarloaf Point Light 1875 1987 active External stairs[46]
Sydney Harbour Eastern Channel Pile Light 1924 active
Sydney Harbour Western Channel Pile Light 1924 active
Port Macquarie Tacking Point Lighthouse 1879 1919 active
Ulladulla Warden Head Light 1873 1920 active Battery powered, relocated[47]
Vaucluse Macquarie Lighthouse 1793 1976 active Australia's first lighthouse[4]
Vaucluse Vaucluse Bay Range Front Light 1884 active
Vaucluse Vaucluse Bay Range Rear Light 1884 active
Watsons Bay Hornby Lighthouse 1858 1933 active
Wollongong Wollongong Breakwater Lighthouse c.1870 1974 [48]
Wollongong Wollongong Head Lighthouse 1936 1936 active
Yamba Clarence River Light 1866 1920 active Battery powered[49]

Northern Territory

Most of the lighthouses in the Northern Territory were constructed by the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service during the "Golden Age of Australian Lighthouses", between 1913 and 1920. These include Cape Don Light, East Vernon Light, Emery Point Light, Cape Hotham Light and Cape Fourcroy.[50]

Of these five, three can be considered "siblings", Cape Hotham Light, Emery Point Light and Cape Fourcroy Light. They are almost identical white square skeletal towers, and they also share a similar light characteristic, three flashes every 15 second (Fl.(3) 15s).[51]

Location Name Image Coordinates Established Automated Deactivated Remarks
Cobourg Peninsula Cape Don Light 1917 1983 active solar powered[52]
Cape Fourcroy Cape Fourcroy Light active
Clarence Strait Cape Hotham Light 1928 active
East Vernon Island East Vernon Light 1928 active
Larrakeyah Barracks Emery Point Light 1900 active
Cox Peninsula Point Charles Light 1893 1933 active survived cyclone Tracy;[53] solar powered[54]

Queensland

Most lighthouses in Queensland were constructed in well established groups:

Location Name Image Coordinates Established Automated Deactivated Remarks
Cooktown Archer Point Light 1883 1979 active
Townsville Bay Rock Light 1886 1930 c.1992 [57][58]
Booby Island Booby Island Light 1890 1991 active generator powered[59]
Bulwer Island Bulwer Island Light 1912 1983 not original site [60]
Burnett Heads New Burnett Heads Light 1971 1971 active
Burnett Heads Old Burnett Heads Light 1873 1932 1971
Bustard Head Bustard Head Light 1869 1985 active
Caloundra New Caloundra Light 1968 1969 1997
Caloundra Old Caloundra Light 1896 1942 1968
Cape Bowling Green Cape Bowling Green Light 1874 1920 active original moved[61]
Cape Capricorn Cape Capricorn Light 1875 active
Cape Cleveland Cape Cleveland Light 1879 active
Cape Moreton Cape Moreton Light 1857 active
Cleveland New Cleveland Point Light 1976 active
Cleveland Old Cleveland Point Light 1847 1976 experimented with laser lighthouse in 1969[62]
Cooktown Grassy Hill Light 1886 1927 active
Comboyuro Point Comboyuro Point Light 1874 1954 1960 Collapsed[63]
Cowan Cowan Point Cowan Cowan Point Light 1873 1950[64] Demolished[65]
Creal Reef Creal Reef Light 1985[66] active
Curtis Island Sea Hill Light 1876 2006 First lighthouse now at Gladstone Maritime Museum[11]
Dent Island Dent Island Light 1879 1987 active
Double Island Point Double Island Point Light 1884 1992 active
Eborac Island Eborac Island Light active
Fitzroy Island Fitzroy Island Light 1943 1992
Flat Top Island Flat Top Island Light 1879 1920 2007
Sandy Cape Sandy Cape Light 1870 1991 active
Goods Island Goods Island Light 1886 active
Lady Elliot Island Lady Elliot Island Light 1873 active
Gulf of Carpenteria CLS-4 Carpentaria 1918 1985 Lightship; Not in service[67]
Low Island Low Isles Light 1878 1993 active
Moreton Bay Moreton Bay Pile Light 1884[68] 1952[69] 1966-1967[70] Structure destroyed in 1949[70]
North Reef North Reef Light 1878 1978 active
Pine Islet Pine Islet Light 1885 1985 relocated; last working kerosene lighthouse in the world[71]
Mooloolaba Point Cartwright Light 1978 1978 active
Point Lookout Point Lookout Light 1932 active
Point Danger Point Danger Light 1971 1971 active experimented with laser lighthouse in 1971[72]
Townsville Wharton Reef Light 1915 1915 1990 not original site [73]
Wyborn Reef Wyborn Reef Light 1938[74] active

South Australia

Location Name Image Coordinates Established Automated Deactivated Remarks
Althorpe Island Althorpe Island Lighthouse 1879 1991 active Diesel Powered[75]
Beachport Cape Martin Lighthouse 1960 active
Cape Banks Cape Banks Lighthouse 1883 1928 active
Cape Borda Cape Borda Lighthouse 1858 1989 active
Cape Donnington Cape Donnington Lighthouse 1878 active
Cape du Couedic Cape du Couedic Lighthouse 1909 1957 active
Cape Jaffa Cape Jaffa Lighthouse 1872 1973 Screw pile; Not original site[76]
Cape Jervis Cape Jervis Lighthouse 1871 1972 active
Cape Spencer Cape Spencer Lighthouse 1950 1975 active
Cape St Albans Cape St Albans Lighthouse 1908 1908 active
Cape Willoughby Cape Willoughby Lighthouse 1852 1974 2003 South Australia's first lighthouse[77]
Corny Point Corny Point Lighthouse 1882 1920 active
Marino Marino Rocks Navigational Aid 1962 1962 active
Penguin Island Penguin Island Lighthouse 1878 1918 1960 Abandoned[78]
Point Lowly Point Lowly Lighthouse 1883 1973 1993
Point Malcolm Point Malcolm Lighthouse 1878 1931 Australia's only inland lighthouse; reactivated[3][79]
Port Adelaide Port Adelaide Lighthouse 1869 1901 Not original site; lit on Saturdays[79][80]
Port Macdonnell Cape Northumberland Lighthouse 1882 1990 active
Port Macdonnell Old Macdonnell Lighthouse 1859 1881 destroyed[81]
Robe Robe Lighthouse 1972 1972 active
South Neptune Island South Neptune Island Lighthouse 1901 c.1990 active New tower[82]
Tipara Reef Tipara Reef Screw Pile 1877 1995 Not original site[83]
Troubridge Hill Troubridge Hill Lighthouse 1980 1980 active
Troubridge Island Troubridge Island Lighthouse 1856 1981 2001 Under threat from erosion[84]
West Cape West Cape Lighthouse 1980 1980 active Build of stainless steel[85]
Wonga Shoal Wonga Shoal Lighthouse 1901 1912 Destroyed[86]

Tasmania

Location Name Image Coordinates Established Automated Deactivated Remarks
Bluff Hill 1982 1982 active
Cape Bruny Cape Bruny Lighthouse 1838 1996
Cape Forrestier Cape Forrestier Lighthouse 1971 Dismantled[14]
Cape Sorell Cape Sorell Lighthouse 1899 active
Cape Tourville Cape Tourville Lighthouse 1971 1971 active
Cape Wickham Cape Wickham Lighthouse 1861 1918 active
Currie Harbour Currie Lighthouse 1880 active deativated 1989 - 1995[87]
Deal Island Deal Island Lighhouse 1848 1921 1992 Australia's highest lighthouse[88]
Eddystone Point 1889 active
Goose Island Goose Island Lighthouse 1846 1931 active
Hells Gate Bonnet Island Lighthouse 1892 1910 active
Hells Gate Entrance Island Lighthouse 1892 1910 active
Highland Bluff (new) active
Highland Bluff (old) 1924
Iron Pot Iron Pot Lighthouse 1832 active Tasmania's first lighthouse[89]
Low Head Low Head Lighthouse 1833 1995 active Tasmania's second lighthouse[90]
Low Head Middle Channel Lighthouse 1882 1955 active
Low Head She Oak Point Lighthouse 1882 1955 active
Maatsuyker Island Maatsuyker Island Lighthouse 1891 1996 Last manned lighthouse; Australia's most southern;[91][92]
Mersey Bluff 1889 1920 active
Point Home Lookout Point Home Lookout Lighthouse 1971 1971 active
Rocky Cape 1968 1968 active
Round Hill Point 1923 1980 active
Sandy Cape 1953 active
Swan Island 1845 1985 active
Table Cape Table Cape Lighthouse 1888 1920 active
Tasman Island Tasman Island Lighthouse 1906 1976 active
West Point 1916 1982 Destroyed[93]

Victoria

Location Name Image Coordinates Established Automated Deactivated Remarks
Aireys Inlet Split Point Lighthouse 1891 1919 active
Cape Liptrap Cape Liptrap Lighthouse 1913 1913 active
Cape Nelson Cape Nelson Lighthouse 1884 1995 active
Cape Otway Cape Otway Lighthouse 1848 1994 Replaced with a solar powered light tower[94]
Cape Schanck Cape Schanck Lighthouse 1859 active
Citadel Island Citadel Island Lighthouse 1913 1982 Solar powered
Cliffy Island Cliffy Island Lighthouse 1884 1971 active Solar powered[95]
Gabo Island Gabo Island Lighthouse 1853 1993 active Solar powered[96]
Gellibrand Shoal Gellibrand Pile Light 1906 1976 Destroyed[97]
Griffiths Island Griffiths Island Lighthouse 1853 active Wind powered[98]
Lady Bay Lower Lady Bay Lower Lighthouse 1854 active
Lady Bay Upper Lady Bay Upper Lighthouse 1859 active Not original site[99]
McCrae Eastern Lighthouse 1854 1994
Point Hicks Point Hicks Lighthouse 1890 active
Point Lonsdale Point Lonsdale Lighthouse 1863 active
Portland Whaler's Bluff Lighthouse 1889 active
Portland Portland Bay Lighthouse 1859 1889
Port Melbourne Port Melbourne Front Light 1924
Port Melbourne Port Melbourne Rear Light 1924 active
Port Phillip South Channel Pile Light 1874 1985 relocated and reactivated[100]
Port Phillip West Channel Pile Light 1881 active
Queenscliff Queenscliff High Light 1843 active Built of bluestone[101]
Queenscliff Queenscliff Low Light 1854 active Not original site[102]
Williamstown Williamstown Lighthouse 1840 1934 1987 Light deactivated; time ball active[103]
Wilsons Promontory Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse 1859 1975 active Furthest south on mainland[104]

Western Australia

Location Name Image Coordinates Established Automated Deactivated Remarks
Adele Island 1951 active
Arthur Head Arthur Head Lighthouse 1851 1902 Demolished[105]
Bessieres Island Lighthouse 1913 active
Breaksea Island Breaksea Island Lighthouse 1858 active
Bunbury Casuarina Point Lighthouse 1870 active
Caffarelli Island Caffarelli Island Lighthouse 1967 active
Cape Bossut Cape Bossut Lighthouse 1913 c.1980 demolished
Cape Leeuwin Cape Leeuwin Lighthouse 1896 1992 active
Cape Leveque Cape Leveque Lighthouse 1911 active
Cape Naturaliste Cape Naturaliste Lighthouse 1873 1978 active struck by ball lightening in 1907[106]
Carnarvon Babbage Island Lighthouse 1965 active
Cave Point Cave Point Lighthouse 1976 1994 [107]
Dirk Hartog Island Cape Inscription Lighthouse 1910 1917 active
East Island East Island Lighthouse 1968 active
Eclipse Island Eclipse Island Lighthouse 1926 1976 active replaced with beacon[108]
Escape Island Escape Island Lighthouse 1930 active
Fremantle North Mole Lighthouse 1906 active
Fremantle South Mole Lighthouse 1903 active
Gantheaume Point Gantheaume Point Lighthouse 1905 1922 active
Guilderton Guilderton Lighthouse 1983 1983 active
Hillarys 1986 active
Jarman Island Jarman Island Lighthouse 1888 1917 1985 [109]
Legendre Island Legendre Island Lighthouse 1927 1989 active
Geraldton Moore Point Lighthouse 1878 1985 active
Mosman Park Buckland Hill Lighthouse c.1970 active
North West Cape North West Cape Light 1967 active on radio tower[110]
Pelsart Island Pelsart Island Lighthouse 1974 active
Point Cloates Point Cloates Lighthouse 1910 1933 1936 Ruins, heritage listed[111]
Point King Point King Lighthouse 1858 1911 Ruins, heritage listed[112]
Quobba Point Quobba Point Light 1950 active
Rottnest Island Bathurst Lighthouse 1900 1986 active
Rottnest Island Wadjemup Lighthouse 1851 1986 active Australia's first rotating beam lighthouse[113]
Woodman Point Woodman Light 1902 1955 active

References

  1. ^ "Australia". CIA World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html. Retrieved 2010-08-26. 
  2. ^ a b c "Australian lighthouses - Australia's Culture Portal". cultureandrecreation.gov.au. http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/lighthouses/. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  3. ^ a b "The Point Malcolm Lighthouse". Lighthouses of South Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/Point%20Malcolm/Point%20Malcolm.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  4. ^ a b "The Macquarie Lighthouse, Australia's First Lighthouse". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Macquarie/Macquarie.htm. 
  5. ^ (PDF) List of Lights, Pub. 111, The West Coasts of North and South America (Excluding Continental U.S.A. and Hawaii), Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Islands of the North and South Pacific Oceans. List of Lights. United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. http://msi.nga.mil/MSISiteContent/StaticFiles/NAV_PUBS/NIMA_LOL/Pub111/Pub111bk.pdf. 
  6. ^ Admiralty List Of Lights And Fog Signals vol. K Indian and Pacific Oceans, South of the Equator. United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2010/2011. ISBN 978-0-70-771-7647. 
  7. ^ "Australia". ARLHS. Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society. http://wlol.arlhs.com/index.php?mode=zones&zone=AUS. 
  8. ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Coral Sea Islands Territory". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/csi.htm. 
  9. ^ a b Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: New South Wales". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/nsw.htm. 
  10. ^ a b Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Northern Territory". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/nt.htm. 
  11. ^ a b Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Queensland's East Coast". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/qld.htm. 
  12. ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Queensland's Far North". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/qldn.htm. 
  13. ^ a b Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: South Australia". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/sa.htm. 
  14. ^ a b c Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Tasmania". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/tas.htm. 
  15. ^ a b Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Victoria". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/vic.htm. 
  16. ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Western Australia". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/wau.htm. 
  17. ^ :"State Indexes". Lighthouses of Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/States/states.asp. 
  18. ^ "List of Lighthouses of Western Australia". Lighthouses of Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/WA/Index%20WA.asp. 
  19. ^ "List of Lighthouses of Northern Territory". Lighthouses of Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NT/Index%20NT.asp. 
  20. ^ "List of Lighthouses of South Australia". Lighthouses of Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/Index%20SA.asp. 
  21. ^ "List of Lighthouses of Queensland". Lighthouses of Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/QLD/Index%20QLD.asp. 
  22. ^ "List of Lighthouses of New South Wales". Lighthouses of Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Index%20NSW.asp. 
  23. ^ "List of Lighthouses of Victoria". Lighthouses of Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Index%20VIC.asp. 
  24. ^ "List of Lighthouses of Tasmania". Lighthouses of Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/TAS/Index%20TAS.asp. 
  25. ^ "Australian Lighthouses listed A to Z". lighthouses.net.au. http://lighthouses.net.au/list1.htm. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  26. ^ "Australian Lighthouses listed by state". lighthouses.net.au. http://lighthouses.net.au/state1.htm. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  27. ^ Searle, Garry. "Lighthouses of Australia". SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/au.asp. 
  28. ^ Searle, Garry. "List of Lighthouses - Western Australia". Lighthouses of Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/state.asp?fState=WA. 
  29. ^ Searle, Garry. "List of Lighthouses - Northern Territory". Lighthouses of Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/state.asp?fState=NT. 
  30. ^ Searle, Garry. "List of Lighthouses - South Australia". Lighthouses of Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/state.asp?fState=SA. 
  31. ^ Searle, Garry. "List of Lighthouses - Queensland". Lighthouses of Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/state.asp?fState=QLD. 
  32. ^ Searle, Garry. "List of Lighthouses - New South Wales". Lighthouses of Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/state.asp?fState=NSW. 
  33. ^ Searle, Garry. "List of Lighthouses - Victoria". Lighthouses of Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/state.asp?fState=VIC. 
  34. ^ Searle, Garry. "List of Lighthouses - Tasmania". Lighthouses of Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/state.asp?fState=TAS. 
  35. ^ See for example, Brush Island Light, a small concrete hut with an automated lamp on top of it, not listed on The Lighthouse Directory, Lighthouses of Australia Inc. and SeaSide Lights but listed on Australian Lighthouses, List of Lights, Admiralty List of Lights & Fog Signals and the ARLHS World List of Lights.
  36. ^ "Role of VRCA". regionalchannels.vic.gov.au. http://www.regionalchannels.vic.gov.au/index.php/vrca/role-of-vrca. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  37. ^ "The Ill-Fated Cape St George Lighthouse". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Cape%20St%20George/Cape%20St%20George.htm.  used as target practice for Australian warships
  38. ^ "The Burrewarra Point Lighthouse near Batemans Bay". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Burrewarra%20Point/Burrewarra%20Point.htm. 
  39. ^ "The Crookhaven Heads Lighthouse". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Crookhaven/Crookhaven.htm. 
  40. ^ Steve Merson (July/August 2004). "Light the coast like a street with lamps". Lighthouses of Australia Inc Bulletin (4). http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/Bulletin/0408/Bulletin%20Aug%2004.htm. 
  41. ^ "The Montague Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Montague%20Island/Montague%20Island.htm. 
  42. ^ "The Point Perpendicular Lighthouse at Jervis Bay". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Point%20Perpendicular/Point%20Perpendicular.htm. 
  43. ^ "The Point Stephens Lighthouse". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Point%20Stephens/Point%20Stephens.htm. 
  44. ^ Ian Clifford (February 2000). "South & North Solitary Islands Trip Report". Lighthouses of Australia Inc Bulletin. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/Bulletin/0002/Bulletin%20Feb%2000.htm#Expedition. 
  45. ^ "The South Solitary Lighthouse". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/South%20Solitary/South%20Solitary.htm. 
  46. ^ "The Sugarloaf Point Lighthouse". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Sugarloaf%20Point/Sugarloaf%20Point.htm. 
  47. ^ "The Warden Head Lighthouse at Ulladulla". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Warden%20Head/Warden%20Head.htm. 
  48. ^ "The Wollongong Breakwater Lighthouse". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Wollongong/Wollongong%20Harbour.htm. 
  49. ^ "The Clarence River Lighthouse at Yamba". Lighthouses of New South Wales. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NSW/Clarence%20River/Clarence%20River.htm. 
  50. ^ Komesaroff, Michael B. (May 1977). "The Golden Age of Australian Lighthouses". The Victorian Historical Journal 48 (2).  reprinted in "The Golden Age of Australian Lighthouses". Lighthouses of Australia Inc Bulletin (5). September 2003. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/Bulletin/0309/Bulletin%20Sep%2003.htm#Golden. 
  51. ^ (PDF) List of Lights, Pub. 111, The West Coasts of North and South America (Excluding Continental U.S.A. and Hawaii), Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Islands of the North and South Pacific Oceans. List of Lights. United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2009. p. 187-188. http://msi.nga.mil/MSISiteContent/StaticFiles/NAV_PUBS/NIMA_LOL/Pub111/Pub111bk.pdf. 
  52. ^ "The Cape Don Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Northern Territory. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NT/Cape%20Don/Cape%20Don.htm. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  53. ^ Mike Foley (1987). "Point Charles Lighthouse and the Military Occupation of the Cox Peninsula" (PDF). Darwin: Northern Territory Library Service. http://nla.gov.au/nla.arc-77678-20071019-0526-www.ntl.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/25031/occPaper4.pdf. 
  54. ^ "The Point Charles Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Northern Territory. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/NT/Pt%20Charles/Point%20Charles.htm. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  55. ^ "Sandy Cape Lightstation (listing QLD601712)". Australia Heritage Places Inventory. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. http://www.heritage.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahpi/record.pl?QLD601712. 
  56. ^ a b "Caloundra Lighthouses (entry CHIMS31351)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/chims/placeDetail.html?siteId=31351. 
  57. ^ "The Bay Rock Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Queensland. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/QLD/Bay%20Rock/Bay%20Rock.htm.  moved to Townsville Maritime Museum
  58. ^ "The Bay Rock Light House - Maritime Museum of Townsville". townsvillemaritimemuseum.org.au. http://www.townsvillemaritimemuseum.org.au/the_galleries/the_bay_rock_light_house.php. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  59. ^ "Booby Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Queensland. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/QLD/Booby%20Island/Booby_Island.htm.  240V
  60. ^ "LIGHTHOUSES". maritimemuseum.com.au. http://www.maritimemuseum.com.au/Exhibitions/lighthouses.htm. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  61. ^ "On the waterfront". anmm.gov.au. http://www.anmm.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1373. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  62. ^ http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/QLD/Cleveland%20Point/Cleveland%20Point.htm possibly the first lighthouse to experiment with lasers, but the Point Danger Light officially lays claim to being the first, in 1971
  63. ^ Richard Walding. "Moreton Island RAN7 Indicator Loop Station and Fort Cowan Cowan". indicatorloops.com. http://indicatorloops.com/comboyuro.htm. Retrieved 20 February 2011. 
  64. ^ "Signal Station (former) (entry CHIMS15870)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/chims/placeDetail.html?siteId=15870. 
  65. ^ "Booby Island Lightstation (listing QLD601724)". Australia Heritage Places Inventory. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. http://www.heritage.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahpi/record.pl?QLD601724. Retrieved 2010-11-24. 
  66. ^ "Creal Reef Light, QLD, AN424-01". Aids to Navigation Schedule Issue 10. Australian Maritime Safety Authority. December 2006. http://www.amsa.gov.au/drawingregister/drawings/ans/AN424-01.pdf. 
  67. ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Queensland's East Coast". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/qld.htm. . Moored at the Queensland Maritime Museum, Brisbane
  68. ^ "Annual Report on Harbours and Lighthouses". The Queenslander. 22 November 1884. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/23976514. 
  69. ^ "Notice to Mariners No. 12 of 1952". The Courier-Mail. 10 December 1952. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/50526592. 
  70. ^ a b "The Moreton Bay Pile Light". Lighthouses of Queensland. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/QLD/Moreton%20Bay/Moreton%20Bay.htm. 
  71. ^ "The Pine Islet Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Queensland. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/QLD/Pine%20Islet/Pine%20Islet.htm.  moved to Mackay not operational as a navigational lighthouse
  72. ^ http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/QLD/Point%20Danger/Point%20Danger.htm
  73. ^ "The Wharton Reef Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Queensland. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/QLD/Wharton%20Reef/Wharton%20Reef.htm. 
  74. ^ "Wyborn Reef Light, QLD, AN299-01". Aids to Navigation Schedule Issue 14. Australian Maritime Safety Authority. May 2006. http://www.amsa.gov.au/drawingregister/drawings/ans/AN299-01.pdf. 
  75. ^ "The Althorpe Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of South Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/Althorpe%20Island/Althorpe%20Island.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  76. ^ "The Cape Jaffa Lighthouse". Lighthouses of South Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/Cape%20Jaffa/Cape%20Jaffa.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010.  kerosene powered, non-operational
  77. ^ Searle, Garry. Willoughby.asp?fState=SA "{{{3}}}". Lighthouses of South Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/au/SA/Cape Willoughby.asp?fState=SA. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  78. ^ "The old Penguin Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of South Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/Penguin%20Island/Penguin%20Island.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  79. ^ a b http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/sa.htm
  80. ^ Searle, Garry. "Port Adelaide". Lighthouses of South Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/au/SA/ptadelaide.asp?fState=SA. Retrieved 19 August 2010.  This lighthouse originally stood at the entrance to the Port River in Port Adelaide. It was moved to South Neptune Island in 1901, and remained there until it was replaced in 1985. The old tower was subsequently returned to the South Australian Maritime Museum.
  81. ^ "The Cape Northumberland Lighthouse". Lighthouses of South Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/Cape%20Northumberland/Cape%20Northumberland.htm. Retrieved 30 August 2010. 
  82. ^ "The South Neptune Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of South Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/South%20Neptune%20Island/South%20Neptune.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. the original tower was returned to adelaide, see note regarding Port Adelaide Lighthouse
  83. ^ "Shipwrecks and sea rescue: Lighthouses". samemory.sa.gov.au. http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=634. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  84. ^ "The Troubridge Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of South Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/Troubridge%20Shoal/Troubridge%20Island.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  85. ^ Searle, Garry. "West Cape". Lighthouses of South Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/au/SA/westcape.asp?fState=SA. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  86. ^ Searle, Garry. "Wonga Shoal". Lighthouses of South Australia. SeaSide Lights. http://www.seasidelights.com.au/au/SA/wongashoal.asp?fState=SA. Retrieved 19 August 2010.  Knocked over by a sailing ship, two lighthouse keepers were drowned.
  87. ^ "The Currie Harbour Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Tasmania. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/TAS/Currie/Currie.htm. 
  88. ^ "The Deal Island Lighthouse in Bass Strait". Lighthouses of Tasmania. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/TAS/Deal%20Island/Deal%20Island.htm.  At an elevation of 305 metres, deactivated 1992.
  89. ^ "The Iron Pot Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Tasmania. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/TAS/Iron%20Pot/Iron%20Pot.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  90. ^ "The Low Head Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Tasmania. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/TAS/Low%20Head/Low%20Head.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-16. 
  91. ^ "The Maatsuyker Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Tasmania. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/TAS/Maatsuyker%20Island/Maatsuyker%20Island.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  92. ^ "Australian Lighthouses". lighthouses.net.au. http://lighthouses.net.au/. Retrieved 26 August 2010.  De-manned in 1995
  93. ^ Deborah Taylor (May 1999). "Tasmanian Expedition Report: (Part 1 of 4)". Lighthouses of Australia Inc Bulletin. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/bulletin/9905/Bulletin%20May%2099.htm.  Accessed 19 August 2010
  94. ^ "The Cape Otway Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Victoria. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Cape%20Otway/Cape%20Otway.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  95. ^ "The Cliffy Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Victoria. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Cliffy%20Island/Cliffy%20Island.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  96. ^ "The Gabo Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Victoria. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Gabo%20Island/Gabo%20Island.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  97. ^ "The Point Gellibrand Lightships & Pile Light". Lighthouses of Victoria. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Point%20Gellibrand/Point%20Gellibrand.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010.  struck by ship
  98. ^ "The Griffiths Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Victoria. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Griffiths%20Island/Griffiths%20Island%20Lighthouse.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  99. ^ "The Lady Bay Upper Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Victoria. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Lady%20Bay%20Upper/Lady%20Bay%20Upper%20Lighthouse.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  100. ^ http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/South%20Channel%20Pile%20Light/South%20Channel%20Pile%20Light.htm
  101. ^ "The Black Lighthouse at Fort Queenscliff". Lighthouses of Victoria. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Queenscliff%20Black/Black%20Lighthouse%20Queenscliff.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  102. ^ "Parks Victoria: South Channel Pile Light page". parkweb.vic.gov.au. http://www.parkweb.vic.gov.au/1process_details.cfm?place=14#access. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  103. ^ "The Williamstown Lighthouse and Timeball Tower". Lighthouses of Victoria. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Williamstown/Williamstown%20Lighthouse.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010. 
  104. ^ "The Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Victoria. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/VIC/Wilsons%20Promontory/Wilsons%20Promontory%20Lighthouse.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2010.  Most southernly lighthouse on mainland Australia.
  105. ^ "Lighthouses of Western Australia - Arthur Head". members.upnaway.com. http://members.upnaway.com/~obees/lights/metro/freoahd.htm. Retrieved 29 August 2010.  demolished 1905
  106. ^ http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/WA/Cape%20Naturaliste/Cape%20Naturaliste.htm
  107. ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Western Australia". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/wau.htm. inactive
  108. ^ "The Eclipse Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Western Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/WA/Eclipse%20Island/Eclipse%20Island.htm.  lantern room removed, solar powered beacon installed
  109. ^ "The Jarman Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Western Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/WA/Jarman%20Island/Jarman%20Island.htm. 
  110. ^ "North West Cape Light on Tower 11". members.upnaway.com. http://members.upnaway.com/~obees/lights/gascoyne/nwcape.htm. Retrieved 29 August 2010.  on Tower 11 of the United States Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt
  111. ^ "The Point Cloates Lighthouse at Ningaloo". Lighthouses of Western Australia. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/WA/Pt%20Cloates/Pt%20Cloates.htm.  abandoned in 1936
  112. ^ "Point King Lighthouse Albany WA Conservation Plan" (PDF). http://www.albany.wa.gov.au/download/1080. 
  113. ^ http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/WA/Rottnest%20Main/Rottnest%20Main.htm

External links

List of lighthouses in Oceania
Sovereign states
  • Australia
  • Cook Islands
  • East Timor (Timor-Leste)
  • Fiji
  • Indonesia
  • Kiribati
  • Marshall Islands
  • Federated States of Micronesia
  • Nauru
  • New Zealand
  • Palau
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Samoa
  • Solomon Islands
  • Tonga
  • Tuvalu
  • Vanuatu
Dependencies and
other territories
  • American Samoa
  • Christmas Island
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands
  • Easter Island
  • French Polynesia
  • Guam
  • Hawaii
  • New Caledonia
  • Niue
  • Norfolk Island
  • Northern Mariana Islands
  • Pitcairn Islands
  • Tokelau
  • Wallis and Futuna